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ASTM STP 1443 Multiple Stressor Effects in Relation to Declining Amphibian Populations

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This publication contains papers presented at the symposium of the same name held in April of 2002. ASTM International Committee EA7 on Biological Effects and Environmental Fate sponsored the symposium. The papers presented in each section of the STP are discussed below.

• Toxicity Assessment

Papers in this section cover the application of toxicity assessment methods effective for amphibians and reflect the range of ASTM International E47's involvement with the standardization process. Methods discussed range from long-established laboratory approaches for evaluating adverse chemical effects to amphibians to methods that link chemicals in surface waters, sediments, and soils with adverse effects observed among amphibians in the field.

• Field and Laboratory Studies

A series of case studies presented illustrate the importance of integrated field and laboratory studies in the evaluation of multiple stressor effects that may lead to declining amphibian populations. A range of laboratory and field studies of chemicals, such as herbicides, insecticides, chlorinated organic compounds, metals and complex mixtures were presented.

• Causal Analysis

The contributed papers illustrate the range of tools currently available for evaluating "cause/effect" relationships between environmental stressors and declining amphibian populations. Research needs identified in these presentations clearly informed the methods development community of methodological issues that must be advanced, if solutions for amphibian deformity and decline are going to be attained.

Specific topics addressed by papers in this collection include:

• Cholinesterase
• Malathion
• nontarget effects
• Frog Embryo Teratogenesis Assay- (FETAX)
• AMPHITOX
• environmental pollution
• determining causality in amphibian declines and deformities
• habitat alteration
• effects of metals-impacted wetlands
• methods for testing combined effects
• semi-permeable membrane devices (SPMDs)
• interaction between perchlorate and iodine
• ammonium perchlorate
• effects of atrazine and metolachlor and the insecticide chlorpyrifos

This STP is useful to scientists and resource management professionals from diverse fields including ecotoxicology and chemistry, ecology and field biology, conservation biology, and natural resource management and policy.