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ASTM E 1733 Document Information:
Title
Standard Guide for Use of Lighting in Laboratory Testing
ASTM International
Publication Date:
Sep 10, 1995
Scope:
The use of artificial lighting is often required to study the
responses of living organisms to contaminants in a controlled
manner. Even if the test organism does not require light, the
investigator will generally need light to manipulate the samples,
and the test might be conducted under the ambient light of the
laboratory. One will need to consider not only whether the
particular test organism requires light for growth, but also
whether the environmental compartment relevant to the test is
exposed to light and, if so, what the attributes of light are in
that compartment. The light could affect growth of the organism or
toxicity of a contaminant, or both. For instance, it has been shown
that the toxicity of some organic pollutants is enhanced
dramatically by the ultraviolet (UV) radiation present in sunlight
(1, 2).2 Furthermore, the level of ambient lighting in
the laboratory (which might affect the test) is not standardized,
nor is it comparable to natural environments. It is thus important
to consider lighting in all forms of environmental testing. When
light is used in the test, one should determine whether the
spectral distribution of the radiation source mimics sunlight
adequately to be considered environmentally relevant. Also, the
container or vessel for the experiment must be transparent, at the
point of light entry, to all of the spectral regions in the light
source needed for the test.
It is possible to simulate sunlight with respect to the
visible:UV ratio with relatively inexpensive equipment. This guide
contains information on the types of artificial light sources that
are commonly used in the laboratory, compositions of light sources
that mimic the biologically relevant spectral range of sunlight,
quantification of irradiance levels of the light sources,
determination of spectral outputs of the light sources,
transmittance properties of materials used for laboratory
containers, calculation of biologically effective radiation, and
considerations that should go into designing a relevant light
source for a given test.
Special needs or circumstances will dictate how a given light
source is constructed. This is based on the requirements of the
test and the environmental compartment to which it is targeted.
Using appropriate conditions is most important for any experiment,
and it is desirable to standardize these conditions among
laboratories. In extreme cases, tests using unusual lighting
conditions might render a data set incomparable to other tests.
The lighting conditions described herein are applicable to tests
with most organisms and using most chemicals. With appropriate
modifications, these light sources can be used under most
laboratory conditions with many types of laboratory vessels.
The attributes of the light source used in a given study should
list the types of lamps used, any screening materials, the light
level as an energy fluence rate (in W m-2) or photon
fluence rate (in µmol m-2 S-1), and the
transmission properties of the vessels used to hold the test
organism(s). If it is relevant to the outcome of a test, the
spectral quality of the light source should be measured with a
spectroradiometer and the emission spectrum provided graphically
for reference.
The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
standard. The values given in parentheses are for information
only.
This standard does not purport to address all of the safety
concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and
health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use. Specific precautionary statements
are given in Section 6.
2 The boldface numbers in parentheses refer to the
list of references at the end of this guide.
Keywords:
- action spectrum
- artificial lighting
- simulated solar radiation
- spectral distribution
- sunlight
- ultraviolet radiation
- visible light
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