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SAE J403 Document Information:
Title
Chemical Compositions of SAE Carbon Steels
SAE International
Publication Date:
Nov 1, 2001
Scope:
In 1941, the SAE Iron and Steel Division, in collaboration with the
American Iron and Steel
Institute (AISI), made a major change in the method of expressing
composition ranges for the SAE
steels. The plan, as now applied, is based in general on narrower cast
or heat analysis ranges plus
certain product analysis allowances on individual samples, in place of
the fixed ranges and limits
without tolerances formerly provided for carbon and other elements in
SAE steels.
For years the variety of chemical compositions of steel has been a
matter of concern in the steel
industry. It was recognized that production of fewer grades of steel
could result in improved
deliveries and provide a better opportunity to achieve advances in
technology, manufacturing
practices, and quality, and thus develop more fully the possibilities
of application inherent in
those grades.
Comprehensive and impartial studies were directed toward determining
which of the many grades being
specified were the ones in most common demand, and the feasibility of
combining compositions having
like requirements. From these studies, the most common grades of steel
have been selected and kept
in the current revision. The cast or heat chemical composition limits
or ranges of these grades are
given in Tables 1, 2, 3A, and 3B. These cast or heat limits or ranges
are subject to standard
variations for product analysis as given in SAE J409. Since AISI is no
longer issuing steel grade
designations, grades listed in this document are SAE grades.
It is recognized that chemical compositions other than those listed in
the previously mentioned
tables will at times be needed for specialized applications or
processing. When such a steel is
required, the elements comprising the desired chemical composition are
specified in one of three
ways: (a) by a minimum limit, (b) by a maximum limit, or (c) by
minimum and maximum limits, termed
a range.
Standard cast or heat analysis limits and ranges for the various
elements of carbon steels are
given in Table 4. In this table, range is the arithmetical difference
between the minimum and
maximum limits (that is, 0.19 to 0.25 is a 0.06 range). These cast or
heat limits and ranges are
also subject to standard variations for product analysis as given in
SAE J409.
ISTC Division 1 has developed a procedure which allows for the
maintenance of the grade lists in
this document. This will involve conducting an industry-wide survey to
solicit input. This survey
will be conducted at a frequency deemed necessary by the technical
committee.
Criteria have been established for the addition to or the deletion of
grades from the grade lists.
New grades will be considered based on the grade meeting a SAE grade
designation and chemistry,
having a minimum production or consumption of 225 tonnes/year (250
tons/year) and has the
sponsorship of at least two individual users or producers. New steel
compositions will be
considered as Potential Standard (PS) steels, based on the guidelines
in SAE J1081, until such time
as production of the new steel achieves a level of production or usage
qualifying it for
consideration as a standard steel.
Deletion of grades will be by consensus based on the grade survey.
Deleted grades will be archived
in SAE J1249.
When the cast or heat analysis is requested to be reported to
demonstrate conformance to the
chemical limits shown in Tables 1, 2, 3A, or 3B, in addition to the
quantities of carbon,
manganese, phosphorus, and sulfur, the following elements and their
quantities shall also be
reported: copper, chromium, nickel, molybdenum, and silicon. When the
amount of any one of these
last five elements is less than 0.02% that analysis may be reported as
"<0.02%."
Based on a survey question in the 1998 Grade Survey, the grade lists
have been revised such that
chemistries of all product forms are now consolidated into single
tables. The chemistry ranges
listed will be the narrowest range for the various product forms with
the exception of S content.
It is acknowledged however that due to differences in the section size
of the various product
forms, chemical composition demands for the product forms should be
different to allow for adequate
flexibility of steel application. These differences are reflected in
Tables 4 and 5.
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