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ASTM D 1556 Document Information:
Title
Standard Test Method for Density and Unit Weight of Soil in Place by Sand-Cone Method
ASTM International
Publication Date:
Sep 15, 2007
Scope:
This test method may be used to determine the in-place density
and unit weight of soils using a sand cone apparatus.
This test method is applicable for soils without appreciable
amounts of rock or coarse materials in excess of 1½ in. (38 mm) in
diameter.
This test method may also be used for the determination of the
in-place density and unit weight of intact or in situ soils,
provided the natural void or pore openings in the soil are small
enough to prevent the sand used in the test from entering the
voids. The soil or other material being tested should have
sufficient cohesion or particle attraction to maintain stable sides
on a small hole or excavation, and be firm enough to withstand the
minor pressures exerted in digging the hole and placing the
apparatus over it, without deforming or sloughing.
This test method is not suitable for organic, saturated, or
highly plastic soils that would deform or compress during the
excavation of the test hole. This test method may not be suitable
for soils consisting of unbound granular materials that will not
maintain stable sides in the test hole, soils containing
appreciable amounts of coarse material larger than 1½ in. (38 mm),
and granular soils having high void ratios.
When materials to be tested contain appreciable amounts of
particles larger than 1½ in. (38 mm), or when test hole volumes
larger than 0.1 ft3 (2830 cm3) are required,
Test Method D 4914 or D 5030 are applicable.
It is common practice in the engineering profession to
concurrently use pounds to represent both a unit of mass (lbm) and
a unit of force (lbf). This implicitly combines two separate
systems of units, that is, the absolute system and the
gravitational system. It is scientifically undesirable to combine
the use of two separate sets of inch-pound units within a single
standard. This test method has been written using the gravitational
system of units when dealing with the inch-pound system. In this
system the pound (lbf) represents a unit of force (weight).
However, the use of balances or scales recording pounds of mass
(lbm), or the recording of density in lbm/ft3 should not
be regarded as nonconformance with this test method.
All observed and calculated values shall conform to the
guidelines for significant digits and rounding established in
Practice D 6026 unless superseded by this standard.
The procedures used to specify how data are collected, recorded
or calculated in this standard are regarded as the industry
standard. In addition they are representative of the significant
digits that generally should be retained. The procedures used do
not consider material variation, purpose for obtaining the data,
special purpose studies, or any considerations for the user's
objectives; it is common practice to increase or reduce significant
digits or reported data to be commensurate with these
considerations. It is beyond the scope of this standard to consider
significant digits used in analytical methods for engineering
design.
This standard does not purport to address all of the safety
concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and
health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this
standard.
Keywords:
- acceptance tests
- compaction tests
- degree of compaction
- density tests
- earthfill
- embankments
- field control density
- field tests
- inplace density
- inplace dry density
- in situ density
- relative density
- sand cone
- soil compaction
- soil tests
- unit weight
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