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API REPORT 3 Document Information:
Title
Oil Analysis in Production Discharges
American Petroleum Institute
Publication Date:
Nov 1, 1976
Scope:
SUMMARY
This study is intended to evaluate some of the problems associated with measurement of the oil content in oilfield production brines. There are many analytical techniques currently in use for these measurements. These techniques involve extraction of the sample with an oleophilic solvent (e.g., carbon tetrachloride, Freon, petroleum ether, n-alkanes, toluene, etc.) followed by a quantitative finish (e.g., gravimetry, colorimetry, infrared absorption, ultraviolet absorption or fluoresence). These techniques may give misleading results either by (1) misrepresenting the actual quantity of oil (petroleum hydrocarbons) present in the discharge; or (2) yielding numbers which cannot be used to properly interpret the performance of oil removal equipment. The latter problem results from the fact that oil removal equipment removes only the dispersed oil; where as the analytical methods measure both dispersed and dissolved materials.
The specific objectives of this study are:
1. Develop information regarding the magnitude of the contribution of dissolved oil content to the total oil measured;
2. Develop information on the effects of oil production chemicals on the quantity of "oil" measured; and
3. Define the difficulty associated with accurate measurement of oil content in the presence of solid particles.
The approach taken in this study has been to examine the afore-mentioned objectives as applied to three specific analytical methods as follows:
1. "Oil and Grease, Total, Recoverable (Separatory Funnel Extraction)", EPA Manual of Methods for Chemical Analysis of Water and Wastes, 1974, pp. 229-231. (See Appendix A).
2. "Oil and Grease, Total, Recoverable (Infrared)", EPA Manual of Methods for Chemical Analysis of Water and Wastes, 1974, pp. 232-235. (See Appendix A).
3. "Petroleum Hydrocarbons" (Method used in 1975 round-robin test program). (See Appendix A).
The analytical methods chosen are representative of techniques now being used in the oil production industry and techniques being recommended by the Environmental Protection Agency. The methods involve the common extraction solvents now in use (Freon-113 and carbon tetrachloride) and involve two commonly used quantitative finishes (gravimetric and infrared absorption). These procedures are discussed in more detail in Appendix A.
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