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API TR 6AF Document Information:
Title
Technical Report on Capabilities of API Flanges Under Combinations of Load
American Petroleum Institute
Publication Date:
Sep 1, 2008
Scope:
This technical report presents the results of analysis work done
in PRAC 86-21 to establish the load capacity of all flanges given
in the April 1986 Editions of API 6A and API 6AB. A total of 69
different geometries were analyzed initially. The various loads
considered were:
— bolt makeup (preload),
— internal pressure,
— tension, and
— bending moment.
All 69 flanges were analyzed with an axisymmetric finite element
model for each of the four load cases. A postprocessor program was
written to calculate the maximum moment capacity for various levels
of pressure and tension, based on linear superposition of results.
Three different criteria were used to establish the maximum moment,
as follows.
ASME Section VIII, Division 2 allowable stress
categories for the flange with the basic membrane stress allowable
established by API.
Allowable bolt stresses as established by API.
Loss of preload on the ring joint. The results of this
post-processing are presented in plots of pressure vs. allowable
moment for various tension levels in Section 4.
There are several limitations to this work which should be
understood. First, the effects of transverse shear or torsion were
not considered in the analysis. Second, the results are for static
loading only. No dynamic, fatigue, or fretting phenomena were
considered in these results. Third, no thermal stresses or elevated
temperature effects were considered for this technical report.
Finally, these charts are not intended to replace a critical
evaluation of any particular connection in an application where the
charts show the flange to be marginal. The charts are intended to
be used only as general guidelines for design.
Subsequent to the completion of this work, the 5
1/8 in. 15,000 psi flange was added to API
6A.This new flange was analyzed with the ABAQUS general-purpose
finite-element system, using a half-symmetry three-dimensional
model in order to find the same data as shown for the other flanges
in this technical report.
Details of the analysis of the 5 1/8 in.
15,000 psi flange can be found in the report, "Finite Element
Analysis of 5 1/8 in. ksi API 6BX Flange",
which was prepared for API by Stress Engineering Services. The
report, SES Report Number PN114809, is dated February 2006.
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