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ASTM E 1195 Document Information:
Title
Standard Test Method for Determining a Sorption Constant (Koc) for an Organic Chemical in Soil and Sediments
ASTM International
Publication Date:
Oct 10, 2001
Scope:
This test method describes a procedure for determining the
partitioning of organic chemicals between water and soil or
sediment. The goal is to obtain a single value which can be used to
predict partitioning under a variety of environmental conditions
from the measurement of sorption coefficients for specific
solids.
Sorption represents the binding process of chemicals to surfaces
of soils or sediments through chemical, or physical, or both
interactions.
The sorption of nonpolar organic chemicals, and to some extent
polar organic chemicals, is correlated with the organic carbon
content of the sorbing solid. Charged inorganic and organic
molecules may behave differently, and some other property, such as,
cation exchange capacity, clay content, or total surface area of
sorbing solids, may influence sorption. Hydrous metal oxides of
iron and aluminum may significantly affect sorption in sediments.
In order to provide a sorption coefficient that is useful for a
wide range of soils and sediments, the coefficient is based on
organic carbon content. This approach, however, will not apply to
all chemicals or all soils and sediments. In cases where it does
not apply, the investigator may need to seek other methods of
relating sorption to the properties of the chemical, soil, or
sediment.
It is possible that, in addition to organic carbon, sorption is
correlated with the total surface area of sorbing solids. This may
be particularly important with solids having organic carbon
contents so low that sorption to inorganic surfaces is significant
in comparison to sorption by organic material. In such a case,
inclusion of the total surface area into the sorption calculation
may be useful. For further information on this subject see Ref
(1).2
Equilibrium sorption coefficients are determined. It is
recognized that equilibrium conditions do not always exist in
environmental situations, but sorption equilibria values are
necessary for making generalizations about environmental
partitioning.
Studies are conducted preferably with an analytical or
technical-grade chemical. Mixtures are used only if analytical
methods allow measurement of individual components of interest in
the mixture. Good laboratory procedures must be followed to ensure
validity of the data.
This standard does not purport to address all of the safety
problems, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and
health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2 The boldface numbers in parentheses refer to the
list of references at the end of this test method.
Keywords:
- equilibrium sorption coefficients
- partitioning of organic
- chemicals
- sorption constant (Koc)
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