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AA ELC54 Document Information:
Title
The Evaluation of Losses in Conductors
The Aluminum Association Inc.
Publication Date:
Jan 1, 1998
Scope:
The high costs of energy and generation facilities have made it
extremely important to evaluate
power losses when selecting conductors. Construction costs and energy
costs have increased
dramatically during the past decade and this trend may well continue.
This publication provides a simple method for evaluating the power
losses in transmission and
distribution conductors. It is intended to serve as a guide to aid in
the selection of conductors
which will be the most economical over their design life.
No attempt is made in the method described here to develop the optimum
conductor from the
standpoint of total system design. Factors such as structure sitting,
structure loading, ground
clearance, etc. are not taken into account in this evaluations.
Very significant savings can be realized in both transmission and
distribution by evaluating the
conductor choice on every line which is to be built or reconductored.
Often the selection of a
conductor with lower resistance will prove to be the most economical
choice even though its first
cost may be higher. The lower resistance may, of course, be achieved
in several ways. The use of a
large size conductor, a higher conductivity aluminum or, for ACSR
constructions, an aluminum-clad
steel core all contribute to lower resistance and result in lower
power losses.
In determining the economics in conductor selection, there are three
primary factors to be
considered. They are: conductor investment cost; energy cost; and
demand or capacity costs. For
convenience, these are usually calculated on an annual basis.
It is necessary to take into account, therefore, not only the annual
cost of providing the
conductor, but also the annual cost of energy to generate the I²R
losses in the conductor and
the additional system capacity to provide those losses.
This publication has four additional sections: Section II describes
the method for evaluating and
comparing the total annual conductor costs and it lists several
assumed factors. Section III
presents an example of evaluating alternative transmission conductors.
Section IV presents similar
examples but for distribution conductors. Section V is an appendix
which provides background on the
development of equations in Section II.
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