API PUBL 4682 Free-Product Recovery of Petrolem Hydrocarbon Liquids
 |
| Purchase Information |
| Use this form to request purchase information on API online subscriptions. |
|
|
Document API PUBL 4682 is offered by IHS as part of an online subscription. This subscription contains many documents on the same topic.
You may also purchase this document alone from the IHS Standards Store.
API PUBL 4682 Document Information:
Title
Free-Product Recovery of Petrolem Hydrocarbon Liquids
American Petroleum Institute
Publication Date:
Jun 1, 1999
Scope:
1.1 Purpose and Scope
This publication provides an overview of proven technologies for
recovering free-product petroleum releases to groundwater. An approach
is given to optimize free-product recovery (FPR) for minimal water
production and free-product smearing. Information and guidance for
design and analysis of free-product recovery systems using trenches,
skimmer wells, single and dual-pump wells, and vacuum-enhanced wells
are provided. The principles that govern the distribution and movement
of free-product petroleum hydrocarbons near the water table in an
unconfined groundwater aquifer are reviewed. Information and data for
parameter estimation are also provided.
This publication does not address the methods, procedures and
equipment to be used in site assessment for locations of free-product
releases. It does not address issues of efficiency of free-product
recovery in relating recovery amounts to reduction in risk to
groundwater receptors. Tools for characterizing petroleum hydrocarbon
distribution are discussed only if they relate to design and analysis
of free-product recovery systems. This publication does not address
alternative remediation methods for petroleum-impacted soils and
groundwater such as soil vapor extraction, bioventing, air sparging,
pump-and-treat, or intrinsic bioremediation.
Discussion of petroleum hydrocarbon liquids in the subsurface
environment involves the use of certain terminology. Petroleum
hydrocarbon liquids generally are less dense than water. This implies
that such liquids would float on the water table of an unconfined
groundwater aquifer. This contrasts with liquids such as chlorinated
solvents that have density greater than water, resulting in the
potential to sink to the base of an aquifer. Petroleum hydrocarbons
are an example of a "light" nonaqueous phase liquid (LNAPL), which
means that they are lighter than and immiscible with water. If LNAPL
is present in sufficient quantity, it will move in response to
impressed forces. This condition of free-product or mobile LNAPL
contrasts with the condition of residual product where the hydrocarbon
liquid is present as discontinuous globules within the porous matrix.
Residual LNAPL cannot be skimmed or pumped from a well.
About IHS
IHS (NYSE: IHS) is a leading global provider of critical technical information, decision-support tools and related services in a number of industries including aerospace and defense, automotive, construction, electronics, and energy. IHS serves customers ranging from large governments and multinational corporations to smaller companies and technical professionals in more than 100 countries. IHS been in business for more than 45 years and employ more than 2,300 people around the world.
