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ASTM D 1557 Document Information:
Title
Standard Test Methods for Laboratory Compaction Characteristics of Soil Using Modified Effort (56,000 ft-lbf/ft3(2,700 kN-m/m3))
ASTM International
Publication Date:
Nov 1, 2007
Scope:
These test methods cover laboratory compaction methods used to
determine the relationship between molding water content and dry
unit weight of soils (compaction curve) compacted in a 4- or 6-in.
(101.6- or 152.4-mm) diameter mold with a 10.00-lbf. (44.48-N)
rammer dropped from a height of 18.00 in. (457.2 mm) producing a
compactive effort of 56 000 ft-lbf/ft3 (2700
kN-m/m3).
NOTE 1—The equipment and procedures are the same as proposed by
the U.S. Corps of Engineers in 1945. The modified effort test (see
3.1.2) is sometimes referred to as the Modified Proctor Compaction
Test.
Soils and soil-aggregate mixtures are to be regarded as natural
occurring fine- or coarse-grained soils, or composites or mixtures
of natural soils, or mixtures of natural and processed soils or
aggregates such as gravel or crushed rock. Hereafter referred to as
either soil or material.
These test methods apply only to soils (materials) that have 30
% or less by mass of their particles retained on the ¾-in.
(19.0-mm) sieve and have not been previously compacted in the
laboratory; that is, do not reuse compacted soil.
For relationships between unit weights and molding water
contents of soils with 30 % or less by weight of material retained
on the ¾-in. (19.0-mm) sieve to unit weights and molding water
contents of the fraction passing the ¾-in. (19.0-mm) sieve, see
Practice D 4718.
Three alternative methods are provided. The method used shall be
as indicated in the specification for the material being tested. If
no method is specified, the choice should be based on the material
gradation.
Method A:
Mold—4-in. (101.6-mm) diameter.
Material—Passing No. 4 (4.75-mm) sieve.
Layers—Five.
Blows per layer—25.
Usage—May be used if 25 % or less by mass of the
material is retained on the No. 4 (4.75-mm) sieve. However, if 5 to
25 % by mass of the material is retained on the No. 4 (4.75-mm)
sieve, Method A can be used but oversize corrections will be
required (See 1.4) and there are no advantages to using Method A in
this case.
Other Use—If this gradation requirement cannot be met,
then Methods B or C may be used.
Method B:
Mold—4-in. (101.6-mm) diameter.
Material—Passing 3/8-in. (9.5-mm)
sieve.
Layers—Five.
Blows per layer—25.
Usage—May be used if 25 % or less by mass of the
material is retained on the 3/8-in. (9.5-mm)
sieve. However, if 5 to 25 % of the material is retained on the
3/8-in. (9.5-mm) sieve, Method B can be used
but oversize corrections will be required (See 1.4). In this case,
the only advantages to using Method B rather than Method C are that
a smaller amount of sample is needed and the smaller mold is easier
to use.
Other Usage—If this gradation requirement cannot be
met, then Method C may be used.
Method C:
Mold—6-in. (152.4-mm) diameter.
Material—Passing ¾-in. (19.0-mm) sieve.
Layers—Five.
Blows per layer—56.
Usage—May be used if 30 % or less (see 1.4) by mass of
the material is retained on the ¾-in. (19.0-mm) sieve.
The 6-in. (152.4-mm) diameter mold shall not be used with Method
A or B.
NOTE 2—Results have been found to vary slightly when a material
is tested at the same compactive effort in different size molds,
with the smaller mold size typically yielding larger values of unit
weight and density (1).2
If the test specimen contains more than 5 % by mass of oversize
fraction (coarse fraction) and the material will not be included in
the test, corrections must be made to the unit weight and molding
water content of the test specimen or to the appropriate field
in-place unit weight (or density) test specimen using Practice D
4718.
This test method will generally produce a well-defined maximum
dry unit weight for non-free draining soils. If this test method is
used for free-draining soils the maximum unit weight may not be
well defined, and can be less than obtained using Test Methods D
4253.
All observed and calculated values shall conform to the
guidelines for significant digits and rounding established in
Practice D 6026, unless superseded by these test methods.
For purposes of comparing measured or calculated value(s) with
specified limits, the measured or calculated value(s) shall be
rounded to the nearest decimal or significant digits in the
specified limits.
The procedures used to specify how data are collected/recorded
or calculated in this standard are regarded as the industry
standard. In addition, they are representative of the significant
digits that generally should be retained. The procedures used do
not consider material variation, purpose for obtaining the data,
special purpose studies, or any considerations for the user's
objectives; it is common practice to increase or reduce significant
digits of reported data to be commensurate with these
considerations. It is beyond the scope of these test methods to
consider significant digits used in analytical methods for
engineering design.
The values in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the
standard. The values stated in SI units are provided for
information only, except for units of mass. The units for mass are
given in SI units only, g or kg.
It is common practice in the engineering profession to
concurrently use pounds to represent both a unit of mass (lbm) and
a force (lbf). This implicitly combines two separate systems of
units; that is, the absolute system and the gravitational system.
It is scientifically undesirable to combine the use of two separate
sets of inch-pound units within a single standard. These test
methods have been written using the gravitational system of units
when dealing with the inch-pound system. In this system, the pound
(lbf) represents a unit of force (weight). However, the use of
balances or scales recording pounds of mass (lbm) or the recording
of density in lbm/ft3 shall not be regarded as a
nonconformance with this standard.
This standard does not purport to address all of the safety
concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and
health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this
standard.
2 The boldface numbers in parentheses refer to the
list of references at the end of this standard.
Keywords:
- compaction characteristics
- density
- impact compaction using modified effort
- laboratory tests
- modified proctor test
- moisture-density curves
- soil compaction
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