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ASTM D 4294 Document Information:
Title
Standard Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum and Petroleum Products by Energy Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence Spectrometry
ASTM International
Publication Date:
Mar 1, 2008
Scope:
This test method covers the determination of total sulfur in
petroleum and petroleum products that are single-phase and either
liquid at ambient conditions, liquefiable with moderate heat, or
soluble in hydrocarbon solvents. These materials can include diesel
fuel, jet fuel, kerosene, other distillate oil, naphtha, residual
oil, lubricating base oil, hydraulic oil, crude oil, unleaded
gasoline, gasohol, biodiesel (see Note 2), and similar petroleum
products.
NOTE 1—Oxygenated fuels with ethanol or methanol contents
exceeding the limits given in Table 1 can be dealt with using this
test method, but the precision and bias statements do not apply
(see Appendix X2).
NOTE 2—For samples with high oxygen contents (>3 wt %) sample
dilution as described in 1.3 or matrix matching must be performed
to assure accurate results.
Interlaboratory studies on precision revealed the scope to be 17
mg/kg to 4.6 mass %. An estimate of this test method's pooled limit
of quantitation (PLOQ) is 17.0 mg/kg as calculated by the
procedures in Practice D 6259. However, because instrumentation
covered by this test method can vary in sensitivity, the
applicability of the test method at sulfur concentrations below
approximately 20 mg/kg must be determined on an individual basis.
An estimate of the limit of detection is three times the
reproducibility standard deviation, and an estimate of the limit of
quantitation2 is ten times the reproducibility standard
deviation.
Samples containing more than 4.6 mass % sulfur can be diluted to
bring the sulfur concentration of the diluted material within the
scope of this test method. Samples that are diluted can have higher
errors than indicated in Section 16 than non-diluted samples.
Volatile samples (such as high vapor pressure gasolines or light
hydrocarbons) may not meet the stated precision because of
selective loss of light materials during the analysis.
A fundamental assumption in this test method is that the
standard and sample matrices are well matched, or that the matrix
differences are accounted for (see 5.2). Matrix mis-match can be
caused by C/H ratio differences between samples and standards (see
Section 5) or by the presence of other heteroatoms.
The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No
other units of measurement are included in this standard.
This standard does not purport to address all of the safety
concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and
health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this
standard.
2 Analytical Chemistry, Vol 55, 1983, pp.
2210-2218.
Keywords:
- analysis
- diesel
- gasoline
- jet fuel
- kerosene
- petroleum
- spectrometry
- sulfur
- X-ray
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