 |
| Purchase Information |
| Use this form to request purchase information on ORG online subscriptions. |
|
|
Document ASTM E 2531 is offered by IHS as part of an online subscription. This subscription contains many documents on the same topic.
You may also purchase this document alone from the IHS Standards Store.
ASTM E 2531 Document Information:
Title
Standard Guide for Development of Conceptual Site Models and Remediation Strategies for Light Nonaqueous-Phase Liquids Released to the Subsurface
ASTM International
Publication Date:
Nov 1, 2006
Scope:
This guide applies to sites with LNAPL present as residual,
free, or mobile phases, and anywhere that LNAPL is a source for
impacts in soil, ground water, and soil vapor. Use of this guide
may show LNAPL to be present where it was previously unrecognized.
Information about LNAPL phases and methods for evaluating its
potential presence are included in 4.3, guide terminology is in
Section 3, and technical glossaries are in Appendix X7 and Appendix
X8. Fig. 1 is a flowchart that summarizes the procedures of this
guide.
This guide is intended to supplement the conceptual site model
developed in the RBCA process (Guides E 1739 and E 2081) and in the
conceptual site model standard (Guide E 1689) by considering LNAPL
conditions in sufficient detail to evaluate risks and remedial
action options.
Federal, state, and local regulatory policies and statutes
should be followed and form the basis of determining the remedial
objectives, whether risk-based or otherwise. Fig. 1 illustrates the
interaction between this guide and other related guidance and
references.
Petroleum and other chemical LNAPLs are the primary focus of
this guide. Certain technical aspects apply to dense NAPL (DNAPL),
but this guide does not address the additional complexities of
DNAPLs.
The composite chemical and physical properties of an LNAPL are a
function of the individual chemicals that make-up an LNAPL. The
properties of the LNAPL and the subsurface conditions in which it
may be present vary widely from site to site. The complexity and
level of detail needed in the LCSM varies depending on the exposure
pathways and risks and the scope and extent of the remedial actions
that are needed. The LCSM follows a tiered development of
sufficient detail for risk assessment and remedial action decisions
to be made. Additional data collection or technical analysis is
typically needed when fundamental questions about the LNAPL cannot
be answered with existing information.
This guide does not develop new risk assessment protocols. It is
intended to be used in conjunction with existing risk-based
corrective action guidance (for example, Guides E 1739 and E 2081)
and regulatory agency requirements (for example, USEPA 1989, 1991,
1992, 1996, 1997).
This guide assists the user in developing an LCSM upon which a
decision framework is applied to assist the user in selecting
remedial action options.
The goal of this guide is to provide sound technical
underpinning to LNAPL corrective action using appropriately scaled,
site-specific knowledge of the physical and chemical processes
controlling LNAPL and the associated plumes in ground water and
soil vapor.
This guide provides flexibility and assists the user in
developing general LNAPL site objectives based on the LCSM. This
guide recognizes LNAPL site objectives are determined by
regulatory, business, regional, social, and other site-specific
factors. Within the context of the Guide E 2081 RBCA process, these
factors are called the technical policy decisions.
Remediation metrics are defined based on the site objectives and
are measurable attributes of a remedial action. Remediation metrics
may include environmental benefits, such as flux control, risk
reduction, or chemical longevity reduction. Remediation metrics may
also include costs, such as installation costs, energy use,
business impairments, waste generation, water disposal, and others.
Remediation metrics are used in the decision analysis for remedial
options and in tracking the performance of implemented remedial
action alternatives.
This guide does not provide procedures for selecting one type of
remedial technology over another. Rather, it recommends that
technology selection decisions be based on the LCSM, sound
professional judgment, and the LNAPL site objectives. These facets
are complex and interdisciplinary. Appropriate user knowledge,
skills, and judgment are required.
This guide is not a detailed procedure for engineering analysis
and design of remedial action systems. It is intended to be used by
qualified professionals to develop a remediation strategy that is
based on the scientific and technical information contained in the
LCSM. The remediation strategy should be consistent with the site
objectives. Supporting engineering analysis and design should be
conducted in accordance with relevant professional engineering
standards, codes, and requirements.
ASTM standards are not federal or state regulations; they are
voluntary consensus standards.
The following principles should be followed when using this
guide:
Data and information collected should be relevant to and of
sufficient quantity and quality to develop a technically-sound
LCSM.
Remedial actions taken should be protective of human health and
the environment now and in the future.
Remedial actions should have a reasonable probability of meeting
the LNAPL site objectives.
Remedial actions implemented should not result in greater site
risk than existed before taking actions.
Applicable federal, state, and local regulations should be
followed (for example, waste management requirements, ground water
designations, worker protection).
This guide is organized as follows:
Section 2 lists associated and pertinent ASTM documents.
Section 3 defines terminology used in this guide.
Section 4 includes a summary of this guide.
Section 5 provides the significance and use of this guide.
Section 6 presents the components of the LCSM.
Section 7 offers step-by-step procedures.
Nonmandatory appendices are supplied for the following
additional information:
Appendix X1 provides additional LNAPL reading.
Appendix X2 provides an overview of multiphase modeling.
Appendix X3 provides example screening level calculations
pertaining to the LCSM.
Appendix X4 provides information about data collection
techniques.
Appendix X5 provides example remediation metrics.
Appendix X6 provides two simplified examples of the use of the
LNAPL guide.
Appendix X7 and Appendix X8 are glossaries of technical
terminology relevant for LNAPL decision-making.
A reference list is included at the end of the document.
The appendices are provided for additional information and are
not included as mandatory sections of this guide.
This standard does not purport to address all of the safety
concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and
health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
This guide offers an organized collection of information or
a series of options and does not recommend a specific course of
action. This document cannot replace education or experience and
should be used in conjunction with professional judgment. Not all
aspects of this guide may be applicable in all circumstances. This
ASTM standard is not intended to represent or replace the standard
of care by which the adequacy of a given professional service must
be judged, nor should this document be applied without
consideration of a project's many unique aspects. The word
"Standard" in the title of this document means only that the
document has been approved through the ASTM consensus
process.
About IHS
IHS (NYSE: IHS) is a leading global provider of critical technical information, decision-support tools and related services in a number of industries including aerospace and defense, automotive, construction, electronics, and energy. IHS serves customers ranging from large governments and multinational corporations to smaller companies and technical professionals in more than 100 countries. IHS been in business for more than 45 years and employ more than 2,300 people around the world.
