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ASTM D 638 Document Information:
Title
Standard Test Method for Tensile Properties of Plastics
ASTM International
Publication Date:
Apr 1, 2008
Scope:
This test method covers the determination of the tensile
properties of unreinforced and reinforced plastics in the form of
standard dumbbell-shaped test specimens when tested under defined
conditions of pretreatment, temperature, humidity, and testing
machine speed.
This test method can be used for testing materials of any
thickness up to 14 mm (0.55 in.). However, for testing specimens in
the form of thin sheeting, including film less than 1.0 mm (0.04
in.) in thickness, Test Methods D 882 is the preferred test method.
Materials with a thickness greater than 14 mm (0.55 in.) must be
reduced by machining.
This test method includes the option of determining Poisson's
ratio at room temperature.
NOTE 1—This test method and ISO 527-1 are technically
equivalent.
NOTE 2—This test method is not intended to cover precise
physical procedures. It is recognized that the constant rate of
crosshead movement type of test leaves much to be desired from a
theoretical standpoint, that wide differences may exist between
rate of crosshead movement and rate of strain between gage marks on
the specimen, and that the testing speeds specified disguise
important effects characteristic of materials in the plastic state.
Further, it is realized that variations in the thicknesses of test
specimens, which are permitted by these procedures, produce
variations in the surface-volume ratios of such specimens, and that
these variations may influence the test results. Hence, where
directly comparable results are desired, all samples should be of
equal thickness. Special additional tests should be used where more
precise physical data are needed.
NOTE 3—This test method may be used for testing phenolic molded
resin or laminated materials. However, where these materials are
used as electrical insulation, such materials should be tested in
accordance with Test Methods D 229 and Test Method D 651.
NOTE 4—For tensile properties of resin-matrix composites
reinforced with oriented continuous or discontinuous high modulus
>20-GPa [>3.0 X 106-psi) fibers, tests shall
be made in accordance with Test Method D 3039/D 3039M.
Test data obtained by this test method are relevant and
appropriate for use in engineering design.
The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard.
The values given in parentheses are for information only.
This standard does not purport to address all of the safety
concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and
health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this
standard.
Keywords:
- modulus of elasticity
- percent elongation
- plastics
- tensile properties
- tensile strength
- axial strain
- Poisson’s ratio
- transverse strain
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