 |
| Purchase Information |
| Use this form to request purchase information on API online subscriptions. |
|
|
Document API PUBL 4465 is offered by IHS as part of an online subscription. This subscription contains many documents on the same topic.
You may also purchase this document alone from the IHS Standards Store.
API PUBL 4465 Document Information:
Title
Evaluation of Treatment Technologies for Listed Petroleum Refinery Wastes
American Petroleum Institute
Publication Date:
Dec 1, 1987
Scope:
A number of technologies for the treatment of listed petroleum
refinery oily wastes were evaluated
in this study. The technologies studied were mechanical treatment
(filtration), solvent
extraction, thermal treatment (drying), chemical fixation and
pyrolysis. In several cases the
application of two treatment technologies in series was studied, e.g.
filtration followed by
drying, drying followed by fixation. No attempts were made to develop
limits of operability for the
subject treatment technologies nor was consideration given to the cost
of various technologies. As
evaluation tools, the reductions in mass from feed to product residues
and the reductions in
constituent leachate concentrations from feed to product residues were
evaluated.
All of the technologies tested produced a residue of substantially
reduced hazard, as measured by
leachable concentrations (using TCLP) of hazardous constituents in the
product solids. Four of the
technologies also reduced the total constituent concentrations.
Table 1-1 allows a comparison of treatment efficiency among these
technologies. It shows average
residual concentrations (mg/kg) of ten indicator compounds in the
product solids from four of the
five treatment technologies which were evaluated. The order of
decreasing efficiency, based on
residual levels of organics, was: pyrolysis > solvent extraction >
mechanical/thermal drying >
mechanical treatment. The percent reduction for the eight organic
compounds was 97 - 99 % , for
three of the four treatment technologies, based on average raw feed
constituent data. Percent
reduction values were lower for mechanical treatment. Metal levels
were not changed significantly
by any of the treatment processes. Actual percent reductions for each
technology are shown in the
summary tables of Chapter 8 .
Table 1-2 allows a comparison of treatment efficiency among these
technologies, based on the
leachability of the product residues. It shows average concentrations
(mg/L) of ten indicator
compounds in the TCLP leachate from the product solids from the five
evaluated treatment
technologies. The order of decreasing efficiency based on the leachate
concentrations of the eight
organics was: pyrolysis > solvent extraction > mechanical/thermal
drying > chemical
fixation/thermal drying > chemical fixation > mechanical treatment.
Drying the product solids prior
to chemical fixation was more effective in reducing the leachability
of the eight organic
compounds. Chemical fixation was clearly the most effective in
decreasing the leachability of the
metals.
Figure 1-1 shows the percent average reduction in constituent weight
and reduction in leachate
concentrations of the raw feeds following treatment (mechanical,
solvent extraction, mechanical
plus thermal treatment, and chemical fixation or pyrolysis) for the
three classes of compounds.
Results from the land treatment of refinery wastes are presented in
another API report entitled,
"Land Treatability of Appendix VIII Constituents Present in Petroleum
Refinery Wastes" (API Pub.
No. 4455). This study demonstrated the suitability of land treatment
units to biodegrade organics
and immobilize metals present in refinery wastes. Results of this land
treatment study are compared
to results from the treatment technologies in Chapter 8.
We believe that these two API reports provide technical support for
the consideration of
technologies other than incineration as best-demonstrated available
technology (BDAT) for the
treatment of refinery wastes.
About IHS
IHS (NYSE: IHS) is a leading global provider of critical technical information, decision-support tools and related services in a number of industries including aerospace and defense, automotive, construction, electronics, and energy. IHS serves customers ranging from large governments and multinational corporations to smaller companies and technical professionals in more than 100 countries. IHS been in business for more than 45 years and employ more than 2,300 people around the world.
