 |
| Purchase Information |
| Use this form to request purchase information on AWS online subscriptions. |
|
|
Document AWS BRH is offered by IHS as part of an online subscription. This subscription contains many documents on the same topic.
You may also purchase this document alone from the IHS Standards Store.
AWS BRH Document Information:
Title
Brazing Handbook
American Welding Society
Publication Date:
Jan 1, 2007
Scope:
INTRODUCTION
The process of brazing that we know today began as an ancient art. What began as art, however, evolved through our increased understanding of the nature and behavior of materials into art, technology, and science. In a very general sense, brazing is a process for joining materials which relies on the melting, flow, and solidification of a filler metal to form a leaktight seal, a strong structural bond, or both. The uniqueness of the process is that metallurgical bonds are formed during brazing by melting only the filler metal and not the parts being joined. Brazing is a well established commercial process, and is widely used in industry, in large part, because almost every metallic and ceramic material can be joined by brazing. Generally, brazing can easily be performed by manual techniques, but, in many cases, it can just as easily be automated if necessary.
The American Welding Society defines brazing as “a group of welding processes which produces coalescence of materials by heating them to a suitable temperature and by using a filler metal having a liquidus temperature above 840°F (450°C) and below the solidus temperature of the base materials. The filler metal is distributed between the closely fitted surfaces of the joint by capillary attraction.” This definition serves to distinguish brazing from other joining processes of soldering and welding. Brazing and soldering share many important features, but the term “brazing” is used when the joining process is performed above 840°F (450°C), while “soldering” is used below that temperature. Brazing differs from welding in that in braze processing the intention is to melt only the braze filler metal and not the base materials. In welding, both filler metals and base metals are melted during the process.
To achieve a good joint by any variation of the brazing process, the parts must be properly cleaned and must be protected from excessive oxidation by fluxing, or by use of a controlled atmosphere. In addition, the parts must be designed so that when they are properly aligned a capillary is formed in which the molten filler metal can flow. Also, a heating process must be selected that will produce the proper brazing temperature and heat distribution. The various brazing processes, joint design, cleaning and heating methods, and details specific to particular materials are outlined in this Brazing Handbook. The purpose of this chapter is to provide a basic understanding of the brazing process through a review of the factors fundamental to the process itself. To assist the reader with unfamiliar terms, a glossary of terms commonly used in the field is provided in Appendix A.
Keywords:
- brazing fundamentals
- brazing honey-comb.
- brazing of stainless steel
- copper brazing
- brazing of low expansion alloys
- nickel brazing
- brazing of ceramics
- brazing atmospheres
- brazing fluxes
- cleaning of brazements
- brazing of refractory metals
- silver brazing
- manual torch brazing equipment
- laser brazing
- mechanical cleaning
- assembly
- air quality
- braze weld quality
- base metal interaction
- traditional ceramics
- brazing filier metals for vacuum devices
- induction generators
- brazed sandwich construction design
- vapor coating process ceramic-to-metal joining
- brazing stainless steels
- silicon carbide
- properties of joint
- flux entrapment
- brazing
- braze welding procedure
- design variables
- safety
- flow brazing
- copper silicon alloys
- precious metals
- aluminum oxide
- niobium
- silver solder
- brazed joints
- dip brazing
- Unified Numbering System
- pipe and tube
- high coppers
- arc brazing
- controlled atmospheres
- copper
- gold and gold alloys
- definitions and symbols
- thermal treatments
- fluxless furnace brazing
- mechanical ventilation
- destructive inspection
- aluminum and aluminum alloys
- chemical cleaning
- fire prevention and protection
- structural ceramics
- safety in handling brazing flux
- cracks
- ventilation
- induction brazing equipment
- pressure differential fixturing
- carbon arc brazing
- nondestructive inspection
- brazing of components for electron tubes and vacuum devices
- joint design
- health
- duplex stainless steels
- filler metals for brazing carbides
- interfacial corrosion
- self-fixturing methods
- fluxes
- lack of fill
- resistance brazing
- unsatisfactory surface conditions
- corrosion-erosion
- special coppers
- noncontinuous fillets
- brazement design
- recommended brazing practices
- brazing flux
- vacuum atmosphere
- aluminum brazing fluxes
- copper-aluminum alloys
- twin carbon arc brazing
- molten metal dip brazing
- technical requirements
- brazing safety
- surface preparation
- protective atmosphere furnace brazing
- braze welding
- automated resistance brazing
- salt bath furnace
- honeycomb sandwich brazing
- torch brazing
- joint selection
- furnace brazing
- ferritic nonhardenable stainless steels
- applications of codes and standards
- form of filler metal
- fixturing
- cleaning for furnace brazing
- mechanized torch brazing equipment
- design data
- stop-off materials
- material safety data sheets
- silver and silver alloys
- honeycomb
- manual torch brazing
- general corrosion attack
- gold solder
- dip brazing and heat treating
- torch brazing safe practices
- deoxidized and oxygen-free coppers
- galvanic corrosion
- preformed filler metal shapes
- resistance brazing materials
- precautionary labeling
- flux removal
- precleaning
- post braze cleaning of dip brazed assemblies
- experimental active braze filler metals
- carbide tools
- filler metals used in brazing of pipe and tubing
- torch tips
- compressed gas handling
- stress corrosion cracking
- torch brazing fixtures
- braze welding technique
- electron beam brazing
- resistance brazing equipment
- ceramic brazing
- structure manufacturing
- molybdenum
- filler metals for brazing aluminum
- tungsten
- copper-zinc alloys
- low carbon
- tantalum
- brazing temperature
- braze welding equipment
- safety and health standards
- metallurgical considerations in brazing cast iron
- sources of codes and standards
- continuous type furnaces
- brazing of ceramic to metal structures
- honeybomb structure brazing
- corrqsion fatigue
- brazing of gray cast iron to steel
- step brazing
- melting ranges
- hard solder
- corrosion control
- mineral fluxes
- braze weld types
- graphite
- fixture design
- brazing alloy
- fluxes for brazing tube or pipe
- inspection methods
- the brazing of graphite
- refractory alloys
- low alloy steels
- open face honeycomb structures
- applications for low carbon low alloy steels
- fit-up
- Federal Government standards
- surface oxides
- infrared brazing
- silicon nitride
- pressure relief devices
- creep forming
- induction coil designs
- cast iron brazing
- recrystallization temperatures of refractory metals
- standards
- brazes for high surface temperatures
- base metal erosion
- codes
- sialons
- exothermic brazing
- resistance welding transformers
- selective attack
- induction joining
- hard carbide composition
- wettability of carbons and graphite
- inspection of brazed precious metals
- magnesium alloys
- brazing of cast iron to brass
- corrosion resistance
- furnace atmosphere
- leaded brasses
- induction brazing
- brazing filler metal
- diffusion brazing
- liquation
- tool steel
- braze flow inhibitors
- cutting or sizing pipe and tubing
- precipitation hardening stainless steels
- block brazing
- brazing processes
- austenitic nonhardenable stainless steels
- resistance brazing processes
- acceptance limits
- magnesium
- acoustic structures
- brazing furnaces
- induction brazing in controlled environment
- joint length
- copper-tin alloys
- high melting point metals
- specifications
- retortíbeil-type furnaces
- joint clearance
- filler metal classifications
- platinum group metals
- carbon materials
- protective clothing
- differential thermal expansion fituring
- carbon
- qualification and testing
- corrosion types
- batchtype furnaces
- stainless steel brazing processes
- localized attack
- pressurized bellows fixture
- martensitic hardenable stainless steels
- molten flux dip brazing
- salt bath maintenance
- manual resistance brazing
- combustibility of magnesium
- discontinuities in brazed joints
- zirconium oxide
- inspection of brazed joints
- safe welding practices
- copper alloys
- rotary turntables
- cold wall vacuum furnace
- preparation of cast iron for brazing
- oxidation
- oxygen-bearing coppers
- atmospheres
- joint types and fixtures for brazing aluminum
- oxyfuel gas process
- cracking phenomena
- copper-nickel alloys
- hot wall vacuum furnaces
- drafting room practice
- prebraze assembly of magnesium refractory metals
- refractory metal melting points
- respiratory.protective equipment
About IHS
IHS (NYSE: IHS) is a leading global provider of critical technical information, decision-support tools and related services in a number of industries including aerospace and defense, automotive, construction, electronics, and energy. IHS serves customers ranging from large governments and multinational corporations to smaller companies and technical professionals in more than 100 countries. IHS been in business for more than 45 years and employ more than 2,300 people around the world.
