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API MPMS 19.4 ERTA Document Information:
Title
Manual of Petroleum Measurement Standards Chapter 19.4 - Recommended Practice for Speciation of Evaporative Losses
American Petroleum Institute
Publication Date:
Mar 1, 2007
Scope:
This publication contains recommended methods for estimating specific
organic compound vapor
emissions from operations handling multicomponent hydrocarbon mixtures
(such as crude oils and
gasoline). Such an estimate is called speciation. The API Committee on
Evaporation Loss Estimation
developed this publication.
This publication assumes that the user has access to API MPMS 19.1 for
Fixed-Roof Tanks, API MPMS
19.2 for Floating-roof Tanks, and API Publication 2514A for Marine
Vessels, and uses those to
calculate total hydrocarbon emissions. The methods in these
publications are used to estimate
annual losses from various types of tank construction (including fixed
and floating roofs), liquid
stocks, stock vapor pressures, tank sizes, and wind speeds. They are
also applicable for estimating
annual losses from loading and unloading operations for various types
of marine vessels, types and
volumes of cargo, and compartment treatment.
The methodology in this document applies to:
a. liquids with vapor pressure that has reached equilibrium with
ambient conditions at a true vapor
pressure less than the ambient atmospheric pressure (i.e., not
boiling).
b. liquids for which the vapor pressure is known or for which
sufficient data are available to
determine the vapor pressure.
Speciation of emissions from hydrocarbon mixtures accounts for the
preferential evaporation of the
more volatile components, resulting in a different composition of the
mixture in the vapor phase
than in the liquid phase. The methodology presented in this
publication assumes that there is
sufficient liquid present such that the chemical composition at the
liquid surface may be
considered to not change as a result of the evaporative loss. This
methodology does not apply to:
a. a thin layer of liquid which may readily lose a significant portion
of its more volatile
components within the period of time for which emissions are to be
estimated.
b. emissions that result from leaks of a liquid stream (e.g.,
equipment leaks).
When a layer of liquid is sufficiently thin that virtually all of the
liquid will evaporate within
the period of time for which emissions are to be estimated, then the
composition of the vapor phase
should be taken as equivalent to the composition of the liquid phase.
This is the case for
withdrawal losses from floating-roof tanks, where the withdrawal
losses consist of evaporation of
the liquid that clings to the tank shell as liquid is withdrawn from
the tank.
Similarly, emissions that result from leaks of a liquid stream should
be assumed to have the same
composition as the liquid phase of the stream.
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