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ASTM F 2020 REV A Document Information:
Title
Standard Practice for Design, Construction, and Procurement of Emergency Medical Services Systems (EMSS) Ambulances
ASTM International
Publication Date:
Oct 10, 2002
Scope:
This practice covers certified, tested, commercial type, EMSS
ambulances built on chassis that are
suitable for the intended application and meet the requirements
herein. The ambulances are front or
rear wheel driven (4×2) or four wheel driven (4×4) and
warranted as specified in
Section 9.
Definition of Ambulance - An ambulance is a vehicle for emergency
medical care which provides: a
driver's compartment; a patient compartment to accommodate an
emergency medical technician
(EMT)/paramedic and two litter patients (one patient located on the
primary cot and a secondary
patient on a folding litter located on the squad bench) so positioned
that the primary patient can
be given intensive life-support during transit; equipment and supplies
for emergency care at the
scene as well as during transport; two-way radio communication; and,
when necessary, equipment for
light rescue/extrication procedures. The ambulance shall be designed
and constructed to afford
safety, comfort, and avoid aggravation of the patient's injury or
illness.
This practice may be used to procure an ambulance and the applicable
additional systems and
equipment.
Purchasers should follow the ordering data in 9.2 to aid them with the
preparation of their
procurement specification, requisition, and contract. The purpose of
this practice is to describe
minimum requirements for design, construction, performance, equipment,
testing, and appearance of
EMSS ambulances that are authorized to display the "Star of Life"
symbol so as to provide a
practical degree of standardization. The reasons for such
standardization are to provide ambulances
that are easily detected, nationally recognizable, properly
constructed, easily maintained, and,
when appropriately equipped, will enable Emergency Medical Technicians
(EMTs) to safely and
reliably perform their functions as basic and advanced prehospital
life support providers as set
forth in national EMSS standard training guidelines. These functions
include:
Responding to, providing appropriate basic or advanced life support,
on-site, to persons reported
experiencing acute injury or illness in a pre-hospital setting, and
transporting them, while
continuing such life support care, to an appropriate medical facility
for definitive care.
Providing interhospital critical transport care.
Transporting essential personnel and equipment to and from the site of
a multiple medical emergency
or a triage site and transporting appropriately triaged patients to
designated medical facilities.
Other functions deemed appropriate by EMSS ambulance service managers
and approved by designated
EMSS medical directors.
"Star of Life" Certification - Ambulance manufacturer/contractor shall
furnish the purchaser(s)
citing this practice an authenticated certification and label (see
6.19) that certifies a "Star of
Life" ambulance and equipment complying with this practice and
applicable amendments (if any) in
effect on the date of manufacture (see 7.3). Ambulance vehicles so
certified may display the
registered "Star of Life" symbol, as defined by the U.S. Department of
Transportation (DOT) and the
National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA), see Fig. 1.
Classification - "Star of Life" ambulance designs included in this
practice may be described in
terms of their body type (I, II, or III), class of drive ("1" for two
rear wheel drive or "2" for
four wheel drive), and floor configuration (A for Advanced Life
Support or B for Basic Life
Support). Such descriptions may be used to define a variety of
ambulance designs which are eligible
for certification as "Star of Life" ambulances. (To specify, see 9.2.2
and 9.2.3).
NOTE 1 - For optional advanced life support (ALS) applications, users
should consider specifying a
modular (Type I or III) ambulance. Modular ambulances provide
additional space and compartmentation
for cardiac monitors, drug cases, and so forth. The basic life support
(BLS) configuration is
standard on all types.
Type I - Conventional truck, cab-chassis with modular ambulance body
(see Fig. 2).
Type I - AD (Additional Duty - with increased GVWR, storage, and
payload capacity) - A or B or
Neonatal, Critical Patient Transport, or A or B with Rescue and Fire
Suppression Package (see
6.1.2.1).
Type II - Standard van, integral cab-body ambulance (see 6.1.3 and
Fig. 3).
Type III - Cutaway van, cab-chassis with integral or containerized
modular body ambulance (see
6.1.4 and Fig. 4).
Type III - AD (Additional Duty - with increased GVWR, storage, and
payload capacity) A or B or
neonatal, critical patient transport, or A or B with rescue, or fire
suppression package, or both
(see 6.1.4.1).
Order of Precedence - In the event of a conflict between the text of
this practice and the
references cited herein, the text of this practice shall take
precedence, except where required by
law including Federal, State, and local laws and regulations.
The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The
values given in parentheses
are for information only.
This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns,
if any, associated with its
use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to
establish appropriate safety and
health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
Keywords:
- ambulance
- emergency medical ground transportation
- EMS vehicle
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