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ASTM D 698 Document Information:
Title
Standard Test Methods for Laboratory Compaction Characteristics of Soil Using Standard Effort (12 400 ft-lbf/ft3 (600 kN-m/m3))
ASTM International
Publication Date:
Apr 15, 2007
Scope:
These test methods cover laboratory compaction methods used to
determine the relationship between molding water content and dry
unit weight of soils (compaction curve) compacted in a 4 or 6-in.
(101.6 or 152.4-mm) diameter mold with a 5.50-lbf (24.5-N) rammer
dropped from a height of 12.0 in. (305 mm) producing a compactive
effort of 12 400 ft-lbf/ft3 (600
kN-m/m3).
NOTE 1—The equipment and procedures are similar as those
proposed by R. R. Proctor (Engineering News
Record—September 7, 1933) with this one major exception: his
rammer blows were applied as "12 inch firm strokes" instead of free
fall, producing variable compactive effort depending on the
operator, but probably in the range 15 000 to 25 000
ft-lbf/ft3 (700 to 1200 kN-m/m3). The
standard effort test (see 3.1.3) is sometimes referred to as the
Proctor Test.
Soils and soil-aggregate mixtures are to be regarded as natural
occurring fine- or coarse-grained soils, or composites or mixtures
of natural soils, or mixtures of natural and processed soils or
aggregates such as gravel or crushed rock. Hereafter referred to as
either soil or material.
These test methods apply only to soils (materials) that have 30
% or less by mass of particles retained on the ¾-in. (19.0-mm)
sieve and have not been previously compacted in the laboratory;
that is, do not reuse compacted soil.
For relationships between unit weights and molding water
contents of soils with 30 % or less by mass of material retained on
the ¾-in. (19.0-mm) sieve to unit weights and molding water
contents of the fraction passing ¾-in. (19.0- mm) sieve, see
Practice D 4718.
Three alternative methods are provided. The method used shall be
as indicated in the specification for the material being tested. If
no method is specified, the choice should be based on the material
gradation.
Method A:
Mold—4-in. (101.6-mm) diameter.
Material—Passing No. 4 (4.75-mm) sieve.
Layers—Three.
Blows per Layer—25.
Usage—May be used if 25 % or less (see Section 1.4 ) by
mass of the material is retained on the No. 4 (4.75-mm) sieve.
Other Usage—If this gradation requirement cannot be
met, then Method C may be used.
Method B:
Mold—4-in. (101.6-mm) diameter.
Material—Passing 3/8-in. (9.5-mm) sieve.
Layers—Three.
Blows per Layer—25.
Usage—May be used if 25 % or less (see Section 1.4 ) by
mass of the material is retained on the 3/8-in. (9.5-mm) sieve.
Other Usage—If this gradation requirement cannot be
met, then Method C may be used.
Method C:
Mold—6-in. (152.4-mm) diameter.
Material—Passing ¾-in. (19.0-mm) sieve.
Layers—Three.
Blows per Layer—56.
Usage—May be used if 30 % or less (see Section 1.4 ) by
mass of the material is retained on the ¾-in. (19.0-mm) sieve.
The 6-in. (152.4-mm) diameter mold shall not be used with Method
A or B.
NOTE 2—Results have been found to vary slightly when a material
is tested at the same compactive effort in different size molds,
with the smaller mold size typically yielding larger values of
density/unit weight (1, pp. 21+).2
If the test specimen contains more than 5 % by mass of oversize
fraction (coarse fraction) and the material will not be included in
the test, corrections must be made to the unit mass and molding
water content of the specimen or to the appropriate field-in-place
density test specimen using Practice D 4718.
This test method will generally produce a well-defined maximum
dry unit weight for non-free draining soils. If this test method is
used for free-draining soils the maximum unit weight may not be
well defined, and can be less than obtained using Test Methods D
4253.
All observed and calculated values shall conform to the
guidelines for significant digits and rounding established in
Practice D 6026, unless superseded by this standard.
For purposes of comparing measured or calculated value(s) with
specified limits, the measured or calculated value(s) shall be
rounded to the nearest decimal or significant digits in the
specified limits.
The procedures used to specify how data are collected/recorded
or calculated, in this standard are regarded as the industry
standard. In addition, they are representative of the significant
digits that generally should be retained. The procedures used do
not consider material variation, purpose for obtaining the data,
special purpose studies, or any considerations for the user's
objectives; and it is common practice to increase or reduce
significant digits of reported data to be commensurate with these
considerations. It is beyond the scope of this standard to consider
significant digits used in analytical methods for engineering
design.
The values in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the
standard. The values stated in SI units are provided for
information only, except for units of mass. The units for mass are
given in SI units only, g or kg.
It is common practice in the engineering profession to
concurrently use pounds to represent both a unit of mass (lbm) and
a force (lbf). This implicitly combines two separate systems of
units; that is, the absolute system and the gravitational system.
It is scientifically undesirable to combine the use of two separate
sets of inch-pound units within a single standard. This standard
has been written using the gravitational system of units when
dealing with the inch-pound system. In this system, the pound (lbf)
represents a unit of force (weight). However, the use of balances
or scales recording pounds of mass (lbm) or the recording of
density in lbm/ft3 shall not be regarded as a
nonconformance with this standard.
This standard does not purport to address all of the safety
concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and
health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the
end of this standard.
2 The boldface numbers in parentheses refer to the
list of references at the end of this standard.
Keywords:
- compaction characteristics
- density
- impact compaction
- laboratory tests
- moisture-density curves
- proctor test
- soil
- soil compaction
- standard effort
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