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ASTM D 5804 Document Information:
Title
Standard Test Methods for Zero-Span Tensile Strength ( Dry Zero-Span Tensile )
ASTM International
Publication Date:
Dec 10, 1997
Scope:
This test method provides a quick reliable means to measure the
zero-span tensile strength of a
randomly oriented specimen of fibers when dry.
Similar procedures for determining the zero-span tensile strength of a
randomly oriented specimen
of fibers when wet are found in Test Method D 5803.
In this test method, the fibers are tested as a handsheet produced
using a standardized procedure
such as TAPPI T 205.
While testing is possible on finished paper materials, information on
fiber quality from
intermediate steps in the pulping or paper making process, or both, is
frequently more useful for
improving finished paper quality or improving fiber utilization of,
for example, recycled fibers,
or fibers subjected to new pulping, bleaching, or finishing processes.
The modifications of the procedure described in this test method
required for testing finished
paper is straightforward; however, testing must be done in the two
principle directions of the
sheet, as required in Test Method D 828, since the finished paper or
paperboard will generally have
non-random fiber orientation, resulting in different strength
properties in the two principle
directions of the finished sheet. Testing of sheets having a grammage
greater than 100 g/m²,
which includes some paper materials described as paper and many
paperboards, is difficult because
of problems associated with clamping of individual fibers as the
number of fibers per unit area
increases.
Such modifications are not described in this test method, and if they
are made, they shall be
acknowledged and clearly described in the report as deviations from
the standard procedure.
In addition to a measure of the dry zero-span tensile strength of the
specimen of fibers, an index
of the cohesiveness of fibers in the sheet is also provided by the
ratio of the tensile strength
determined using Test Method D 828 and the tensile strength determined
using this test method when
all testing is done on handsheets having random fiber orientation (1).
Two instrumental approaches for accomplishing the measurement of dry
tensile strength at zero-span
are described.
One approach is the use of specially constructed pair of" zero-span"
jaws which are used in
conjunction with a conventional tensile testing machine.
One such design for "zero-span" jaws was proposed by Clark (1). A
second design was proposed by
Wink and Van Eperen (2).
A second approach is the use of a special instrument incorporating
both "zero-span" jaws and
measurement and readout devices in a single instrument.
When properly adjusted and calibrated, either of the instrumental
approaches may be used to perform
this test method.
This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns,
if any, associated with its
use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to
establish appropriate safety and
health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
Keywords:
- fibers
- paper
- paperboard
- zero-span tensile
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