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AA IAR Document Information:
Title
Inert Anode Roadmap
The Aluminum Association Inc.
Publication Date:
Feb 1, 1998
Scope:
Aluminum is one of the most versatile materials available today that
can meet the demanding
requirements of tomorrow's products. Its light weight, high strength,
and corrosion resistance make
it ideal for applications in automobiles and trucks, rail, aerospace,
containers, construction,
electric transmission, and infrastructure. When used in transportation
vehicles, it can greatly
increase the energy efficiency of our Nation's transportation sector.
Aluminum's success in
recycling has also made it a model for sustainable materials. However,
the production of primary
aluminum continues to be quite energy intensive. Furthermore, the use
of carbon anodes in the
smelting process generates undesirable carbon dioxide and
perfluorocarbons.
While past technology improvements have greatly increased the current
efficiency of aluminum cells
up to 96%, the industry continues to pursue research to increase
energy efficiency, improve
productivity, and reduce emissions in primary aluminum production. In
particular, the international
aluminum community has pursued the development of non-consumable, or
inert, anode technology for
many years. If successful, this technology would have clear advantages
over conventional carbon
anode technology, including the following "best estimates":
• energy efficiency increases of up to 25% (when coupled with a
stable, wetted cathode)
• operating cost reductions of up to 10%
• greenhouse gas emissions reductions of 7 million metric tons of
carbon equivalent in the
United States
• productivity increases of up to 5%
This technology is particularly relevant today as nations around the
world look for technologies
that can help reduce emissions of greenhouse gases without
compromising economic growth and product
quality.
Although not absolutely required, retrofit capability is highly
desirable of any new inert anode
technology. The technology holds great promise for brownfield capacity
additions and retrofit
applications in North America. However, the largest impact may
ultimately be realized in the
application of inert anode technology to greenfield aluminum smelting
projects throughout the
world. Undoubtedly, the latest, most advanced technology will be
adopted for any greenfield smelter
project.
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