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API PUBL 937 Document Information:
Title
Evaluation of Design Criteria for Storage Tanks with Frangible Roof Joints
American Petroleum Institute
Publication Date:
Apr 1, 1996
Scope:
FOREWORD
American Petroleum Institute (API) provides standards for the design,
construction and inspection of storage tanks. One of the family of
design standards, API 650--Welded Steel Tanks for Oil Storage--is the
target of the research addressed by this Bulletin. API 650 includes,
among other important design provisions, criteria governing the design
of frangible roof joints for welded steel, above-ground, cylindrical,
storage tanks.
The frangible joint is the primary design feature which assures the
functional integrity of the cylindrical shell and bottom joint to
contain the liquid in the event of an unexpected over-pressurization
of a tank. Because of the importance of the frangible joint design
feature from a safety and environmental implication, API decided
additional research was warranted. In May 1989, Guido Karcher, acting
in behalf of API, defined specific areas where research is needed to
evaluate the frangible roof joint provisions of API 650 standard and
initiated a request to PVRC Design Division to address these research
needs. The request was assigned to the Committee on Dynamic Analysis
and Testing for administrative and technical direction. The main goals
of the Committee included initiating the research program, monitoring
the progress, assuring the results are responsive to the API request
and making sure that the results are clearly and concisely documented.
Liaison with the Committee on Shells and Ligaments was maintained
throughout the research activities.
The Committee on Dynamic Analysis and Testing solicited proposals from
qualified organizations to address the needs defined in Guido
Karcher's May 1989 letter. The solicitation resulted in four proposals
which were thoroughly and objectively evaluated by the Committee. The
proposal by Kansas State University, Professors Daniel Swenson and Don
Fenton, was selected as the most responsive to the defined needs. A
PVRC grant (91-02) was issued in October 1990 for the first phase of
the three-phase research program.
Thanks to Dr. Martin Prager for his technical and administrative
skills and the dedication and aggressive nature of the research team
at Kansas State University under the direction of Professor Swenson,
the comprehensive three-phase research program, including a final
report of the analytical and experimental evaluations, an interactive
Windows based PC program for the analysis of storage tanks with
frangible roof joints and user manual for the PC program was completed
on schedule in April 1994--duration of approximately 3½ years
from the time the grant was issued. The thoroughness and quality of
the products are commendable.
The research team at Kansas State University which consisted of:
• co-investigators Professors Daniel Swenson and Don Fenton
• graduate research assistants Zhi Lu, Asif Ghori and Joe Baalman
• an undergraduate honor student Mark Devries deserves
commendable recognition for a job well done.
In addition special thanks are extended to:
• Mr. Richard Basile for his invaluable liaison efforts with the
responsible API Committees, feedback to PVRC and project directors,
and review of research reports and the PC-based computer program
• Dr. Greg Hollinger for his liaison efforts with the Committee
on Shells and Ligaments
• Mr. J. C. Thompson, a veteran expert in the field, for his
valuable comments from an independent consultant's viewpoint.
The members of the Committee on Dynamic Analysis also provided
significant contributions by direct interaction with the project
directors during numerous progress reports provided at regular
Committee meetings and the review of draft reports for each phase of
the research.
Although specific acknowledgements to others that assisted in the
research are given in Section 9.0 of this Bulletin, it is appropriate
to note the cost support provided by Texaco, E1 Dorado Plant in
constructing the tanks utilizing Ace Construction.
The project was jointly funded by PVRC and API with the majority of
the funds provided by API. PVRC thanks API for the support of this
extremely important project which not only provides an analytical and
experimental bases for the current API 650 design rules for frangible
roof joints, but also provides the technical bases for potential
improvements to the current rules.
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