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ASTM D 974 Document Information:
Title
Standard Test Method for Acid and Base Number by Color-Indicator Titration
ASTM International
Publication Date:
Jul 1, 2008
Scope:
This test method covers the determination of acidic or basic
constituents (Note 1) in petroleum products2 and
lubricants soluble or nearly soluble in mixtures of toluene and
isopropyl alcohol. It is applicable for the determination of acids
or bases whose dissociation constants in water are larger than
10-9; extremely weak acids or bases whose dissociation
constants are smaller than 10-9 do not interfere. Salts
react if their hydrolysis constants are larger than
10-9.
NOTE 1—In new and used oils, the constituents considered to have
acidic characteristics include organic and inorganic acids, esters,
phenolic compounds, lactones, resins, salts of heavy metals, and
addition agents such as inhibitors and detergents. Similarly,
constituents considered to have basic properties include organic
and inorganic bases, amino compounds, salts of weak acids (soaps),
basic salts of polyacidic bases, salts of heavy metals, and
addition agents such as inhibitors and detergents.
NOTE 2—This test method is not suitable for measuring the basic
constituents of many basic additive-type lubricating oils. Test
Method D 4739 can be used for this purpose.
This test method can be used to indicate relative changes that
occur in an oil during use under oxidizing conditions. Although the
titration is made under definite equilibrium conditions, the method
does not measure an absolute acidic or basic property that can be
used to predict performance of an oil under service conditions. No
general relationship between bearing corrosion and acid or base
numbers is known.
NOTE 3—Oils, such as many cutting oils, rustproofing oils, and
similar compounded oils, or excessively dark-colored oils, that
cannot be analyzed for acid number by this test method due to
obscurity of the color-indicator end point, can be analyzed by Test
Method D 664. The acid numbers obtained by this color-indicator
test method need not be numerically the same as those obtained by
Test Method D 664, the base numbers obtained by this color
indicator test method need not be numerically the same as those
obtained by Test Method D 4739, but they are generally of the same
order of magnitude.
The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No
other units of measurement are included in this standard.
This standard does not purport to address all of the safety
concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and
health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2 Statements defining this test method, its
modification, and its significance when applied to electrical
insulating oils of mineral origin will be found in Guide D 117.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this
standard.
Keywords:
- acid number
- base number
- color indication titration
- petroleum products
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