 |
| Purchase Information |
| Use this form to request purchase information on ASTM online subscriptions. |
|
|
Document ASTM D 7128 is offered by IHS as part of an online subscription. This subscription contains many documents on the same topic.
You may also purchase this document alone from the IHS Standards Store.
ASTM D 7128 Document Information:
Title
Standard Guide for Using the Seismic-Reflection Method for Shallow Subsurface Investigation
ASTM International
Publication Date:
Jan 1, 2005
Scope:
Purpose and Application:
This guide summarizes the technique, equipment, field procedures, data
processing, and
interpretation methods for the assessment of shallow subsurface
conditions using the
seismic-reflection method.
Seismic reflection measurements as described in this guide are
applicable in mapping shallow
subsurface conditions for various uses including geologic (1),
geotechnical, hydrogeologic (2), and
environmental (3).(Footnote 2) The seismic-reflection method is used
to map, detect, and delineate
geologic conditions including the bedrock surface, confining layers
(aquitards), faults, lithologic
stratigraphy, voids, water table, fracture systems, and layer geometry
(folds). The primary
application of the seismic-reflection method is the mapping of lateral
continuity of lithologic
units and, in general, detection of change in acoustic properties in
the subsurface.
This guide will focus on the seismic-reflection method as it is
applied to the near surface.
Near-surface seismic reflection applications are based on the same
principles as those used for
deeper seismic reflection surveying, but accepted practices can differ
in several respects.
Near-surface seismic-reflection data are generally high-resolution
(dominant frequency above 80 Hz)
and image depths from around 6 m to as much as several hundred meters.
Investigations shallower
than 6 m have occasionally been undertaken, but these should be
considered experimental.
Limitations:
This guide provides an overview of the shallow seismic-reflection
method, but it does not address
the details of seismic theory, field procedures, data processing, or
interpretation of the data.
Numerous references are included for that purpose and are considered
an essential part of this
guide. It is recommended that the user of the seismic-reflection
method be familiar with the
relevant material in this guide, the references cited in the text, and
Guides D 420, D 653, D 2845,
D 4428/D 4428M, Practice D 5088, Guides D 5608, D 5730, D 5753, D
6235, and D 6429.
This guide is limited to two-dimensional (2-D) shallow
seismic-reflection measurements made on
land. The seismic-reflection method can be adapted for a wide variety
of special uses: on land,
within a borehole, on water, and in three dimensions (3-D). However, a
discussion of these
specialized adaptations of reflection measurements is not included in
this guide.
This guide provides information to help understand the concepts and
application of the
seismic-reflection method to a wide range of geotechnical,
engineering, and groundwater problems.
The approaches suggested in this guide for the seismic-reflection
method are commonly used, widely
accepted, and proven; however, other approaches or modifications to
the seismic-reflection method
that are technically sound may be equally suited.
Technical limitations of the seismic-reflection method are discussed
in 5.4.
This guide discusses both compressional (P) and shear (S) wave
reflection methods. Where
applicable, the distinctions between the two methods will be pointed
out in this guide.
This guide offers an organized collection of information or a series
of options and does not
recommend a specific course of action. This document cannot replace
education or experience and
should be used in conjunction with professional judgment. Not all
aspects of this guide may be
applicable in all circumstances. This guide is not intended to
represent or replace the standard of
care by which the adequacy of a given professional service must be
judged, nor should this document
be applied without consideration for a project's many unique aspects.
The word "Standard" in the
title of this guide means only that the document has been approved
through the ASTM consensus
process.
The values stated in SI units are regarded as standard. The values
given in parentheses are
inch-pound units, which are provided for information only and are not
considered standard.
Precautions:
It is the responsibility of the user of this guide to follow any
precautions within the equipment
manufacturer's recommendations, establish appropriate health and
safety practices, and consider the
safety and regulatory implications when explosives or any high-energy
(mechanical or chemical)
sources are used.
If the method is applied at sites with hazardous materials,
operations, or equipment, it is the
responsibility of the user of this guide to establish appropriate
safety and health practices and
determine the applicability of any regulations prior to use.
This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns,
if any, associated with its
use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to
establish appropriate safety and
health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
Footnote 2 - The boldface numbers in parentheses refer to the list of
references at the end of this
standard.
Keywords:
- geophysics
- near-surface
- seismic reflection
- surface geophysics
About IHS
IHS (NYSE: IHS) is a leading global provider of critical technical information, decision-support tools and related services in a number of industries including aerospace and defense, automotive, construction, electronics, and energy. IHS serves customers ranging from large governments and multinational corporations to smaller companies and technical professionals in more than 100 countries. IHS been in business for more than 45 years and employ more than 2,300 people around the world.
