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ASTM C 1133 Document Information:
Title
Standard Test Method for Nondestructive Assay of Special Nuclear Material in Low-Density Scrap and Waste by Segmented Passive Gamma-Ray Scanning
ASTM International
Publication Date:
Jul 10, 2003
Scope:
This test method covers the transmission-corrected non-destructive
assay (NDA) of gamma-ray
emitting special nuclear materials (SNMs), most commonly 235U, 239Pu,
and 241Am, in low-density
scrap or waste, packaged in cylindrical containers. The method can
also be applied to NDA of other
gamma-emitting nuclides including fission products. High-resolution
gamma-ray spectroscopy is used
to detect and measure the nuclides of interest and to measure and
correct for gamma-ray attenuation
in a series of horizontal segments (collimated gamma detector views)
of the container. Corrections
are also made for counting losses occasioned by signal processing
limitations (1-3).
There are currently several systems in use or under development for
determining the attenuation
corrections for NDA of radioisotopic materials (4-8). A related
technique, tomographic gamma-ray
scanning (TGS), is not included in this test method (9,10).
This test method will cover two implementations of the Segmented Gamma
Scanning (SGS) procedure:
(1) Isotope Specific (Mass) Calibration, the original SGS procedure,
uses standards of known
radionuclide masses to determine detector response in a mass versus
corrected count rate
calibration that applies only to those specific radionuclides for
which it is calibrated, and (2)
Efficiency Curve Calibration, an alternative method, typically uses
non-SNM radionuclide sources to
determine system detection efficiency vs. gamma energy and thereby
calibrate for all gamma-emitting
radionuclides of interest (11). These two methods will be covered in
detail in the remainder of the
main body of this test method and Annex A1.
Efficiency Curve Calibration, over the energy range for which the
efficiency is defined, has the
advantage of providing calibration for many gamma-emitting nuclide for
which half-life and gamma
emission intensity data are available.
The assay technique may be applicable to loadings up to several
hundred grams of nuclide in a 208-L
(55-gal) drum, with more restricted ranges to be applicable depending
on specific packaging and
counting equipment considerations.
Measured transmission values must be available for use in calculation
of segment-specific
attenuation corrections at the energies of analysis.
A related method, SGS with calculated correction factors based on
sample content and density, is
not included in this standard.
The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The
values given in parentheses
are for information only.
This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns,
if any, associated with its
use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to
establish appropriate safety and
health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use. Specific
precautionary statements are given in Section 8.
Keywords:
- nondestructive assay
- segmented gamma-ray scanning
- special nuclear material
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