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API PUBL 4723 Document Information:
Title
Refinery Stream Speciation
American Petroleum Institute
Publication Date:
Nov 1, 2002
Scope:
INTRODUCTION AND BACKGROUND
Passage of the Clean Air Act Amendments of 1990 created a number of
new compliance challenges for
the U.S. petroleum industry. In order to provide improved approaches
to meeting these challenges,
and to allow leveraging of research expenditures, a number of the
members of the Petroleum
Environmental Research Forum (PERF) formed the Cooperative Air Program
(CAP). The CAP consists of a
number of individual research projects in twelve areas inc luding
emissions monitoring, dispersion
modeling, VOC and NOx emission control, pollution prevention and
others. Refinery stream speciation
is one of the CAP project areas.
The objective of the refinery stream speciation project was to develop
industry representative
concentration profiles for process streams. Reasons for undertaking
this activity included the
desire for improved emissions estimates for determination of
regulatory applicability, operating
permit preparation and compliance, and risk assessment determinations.
There was concern that the
previously available speciation data was not representative of
averages or the ranges of specific
compounds in current refinery operations.
The refinery stream speciation profiles presented in this document
were developed from stream
sampling conducted by each of the participating companies: Amoco,
Arco, BP, Chevron, Exxon, Mobil,
Shell and Texaco. The identities of specific companies and refineries
are coded in the raw data
listing for confidentiality. Each company representative provided
guidance on the program scope and
objectives, the data collection effort, the data analysis procedures,
and the reporting of final
results.
The results of this report are based on analyses from 31 refineries,
over 20 units, and over 50
process streams. One of the most significant observations is the wide
range of the reported
concentrations for some of the compounds. This is believed to be a
result of the way crude oil is
converted into useful products and how refinery process units operate.
These process units usually
monitor and control operations based on physical properties such as
temperature rather than by the
concentrations of specific compounds. Thus, the range of compositions
in a specific process stream
may vary widely depending on the particular crude oil, product slate,
processing severity, and
other factors. This range of process stream concentration should be
considered in application of
the means and most likely values provided in this report.
This report is divided into a number of sections which describe the
data collection and analysis
procedures, contain tables of stream compositions and the raw data,
and provide a graphical
presentation of the data.
Section 3 provides a summary of the data collection and analysis
effort.
Section 4 contains a listing of the process units and streams,
simplified flow diagrams, and the
compounds included in the study.
Section 5 presents the stream composition data in tabular form. First,
for each process unit and
stream, the minimum, maximum and most likely values of the
concentration of each compound are
presented. This is followed by a table listing the data by compound. A
third table provides
additional statistical information from the analysis.
Section 6 is a listing of the raw data. Participating companies have
been provided with an
electronic version of this spreadsheet.
Section 7 provides details of the data collection and handling,
statistical analysis, and a
discussion relating to the analytical sampling.
Section 8 is a graphical presentation of the data by process unit and
stream showing all data and
the most likely value.
The material contained in this report will be of use in estimating the
emissions of specific
compounds, in preparing permit applications and in other environmental
control activities. Neither
PERF or the project participants make any claims as to the suitability
or acceptability of the
stream composition data reported herein for specific reporting or
regulatory purposes.
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